2026-05-04T16:27:23Z https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/oai

oai:ojs2.ijerams.org:article/1 2025-08-22T06:25:27Z files:ART

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oai:ojs2.ijerams.org:article/9 2025-08-22T06:25:26Z files:ART

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oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/14 2026-02-26T07:51:40Z files:ART

CRISPR-Cas9 as a Potential Tool for Precision Medicine: Challenges and Future Directions Dasari Karthik Kumar CRISPR-Cas9, precision medicine, gene editing, therapeutic applications, genetic disorders. The recent discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing technology has served as a game-changer in biomedical research since it provides a certain level of precision never before possible in genome editing. In an effort to almost perfectly target specific genetic conditions, CRISPR, as an enabling technology, has a lot of promise in rectifying genetic conditions, refining treatment delivery, and personalizing treatment decisions based on an individuals genetic signature. The present paper examines how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used in precision medicine, outlining its transformative power, limitations and the issues that characterize the use of such a technology in clinical practice. In spite of its effectiveness in preclinical models, safety concerns of off-target effects, ethical issues, and delivery problems continue to present obstacles to the widespread application of its use in clinical settings. The paper contains further detail of progress towards greater specificity and efficacy of CRISPR, along with a detailed overview of where the technique is already used or is anticipated to be used in terms of personalized medicine in the future. The other important considerations including safety, regulatory frameworks, and acceptance that have been raised in the context of clinical translation of CRISPR are also discussed. The proposed research area seeks to illuminate on the ways in which CRISPR-Cas9 may be idealized to be used in a clinic setting as it walks through the intricacies of applying the same to genetic illnesses. The discussion is ended with a glance of future outlook of CRISPR in precision medicine, in regard of whether it could help in treating complex diseases such as cancer, genetic andmultifactorial conditions. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/14 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 1-6 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/14/12 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/15 2026-02-26T07:52:54Z files:ART

Harnessing Plant-based Bioreactors for Sustainable Biopharmaceutical Production Athram Mahesh plant-based bioreactors, biopharmaceutical production, and recombinant proteins, sustainable manufacturing and plant metabolic engineering. The biopharmaceutical industry has had some notable improvements considering the invention of plant based bioreactors, due to the view that it is a cheaper and more environmentally friendly method of therapeutic proteins production. Plant expression systems are most commonly used in technology to produce recombinant protein in plants, as hosts as opposed to mammalian or microbial hosts, have a number of benefits including lowcost, scale-up, and low-risk of human contagion. The paper engages in discourses about the possible use of plant-based bioreactors in manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products with an emphasis on its potential use in sustainable manufacturing. These advantages of plant based systems are discussed in view of the expanding global need to have biopharmaceutical products. The difficulties such as optimization of expression systems and regulatory issues as well as scale-up production are also deliberated. In addition there is also an overview of novel strategies that can be used to increase the efficiency of plant based bioreactors, in that; the techniques include genetic modification of plants and plant metabolic engineering. Using this gap analysis of the status quo of research and development, the paper presents the future potential of plant-based bioreactor in transforming the picture of biopharmaceutical production. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/15 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 7-12 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/15/21 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/16 2026-02-26T07:57:35Z files:ART

Exploring the Role of Microbial Biotechnology in Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Environments Deekonda Pranay Kumar microbial biotechnology, bioremediation, heavy metal contamination, biosorption, genetic engineering. Introduction of heavy metals into the environment has become a major challenge globally as they are toxic to the environment, persistent and may be bio concentrated. Conventional processes of heavy metal remediation like, chemical precipitation, adsorption and electrochemical remediation lack considerations to cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. A potentially viable alternative appears as microbial biotechnology, which uses the inherent capacities of microorganisms to detoxify and decontaminate heavy metals polluting potentially contaminated sites. The paper discusses areas to be covered concerning the microbial bioremediation effect in the removal of heavy metals, along with the strategies exploited by bacteria, fungi, and algal consortia to lower the amount of deleterious metals in land, enclosed waters, and salt. The most important bioremediation processes including biosorption, bioaccumulation, biomineralization and biotransformation are explained, with an emphasis on their prospects in building and improving the environment cleanup. Issues of scaling microbial bioremediation processes, including variability of microbial activity and contaminated sites complexity, are also discussed. Besides, the combination of synthetic biology and genetic engineering in fine tuning of microbial strains visualizing them in bioremediation is also examined. Lastly, future trends in microbial biotechnology to remediate heavy metals are described in the paper and it is felt that greater focus should now be given to developing sustainable, low cost, and efficient bioremediation solutions to these heavy metals. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/16 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 13-18 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/16/13 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/17 2026-02-26T07:58:57Z files:ART

Advances in Gene Editing for Treating Inherited Genetic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review Edupalli Anusha gene editing, CRISPR-Cas9, inherited genetic disorders, gene therapy, clinical trials. Technologies that deal in gene editing have transformed the medical sector especially in the area of curing inherited genetic cases. The fact that one can now accurately edit the genome of an individual has created opportunities in treating ailments that are a result of a given gene mutation. CRISPR-Cas9 has become the most promising tool among the other methods of gene editing because it is precise, thus easy to process, and flexible enough to be used across a variety of platforms. This review article answers all the research questions comprehensively, giving an overview of the current research achievements in gene editing approaches to treat hereditary genetic diseases and focuses specifically on CRISPR-Cas9 and its functions. We discuss the hidden science behind gene editing, the progress of clinical trials and the recent accomplishments using gene editing as a treatment of inherited illnesses such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. There is also the issues of gene editing and ethical concerns like off-target effects, the mode of delivery and to what extent germ-line editing may be regulated that are included in the paper. Also, we talk about the future of gene editing technologies and how they may become a canonical method of treatment of inherited genetic illnesses. As depicted in this review, although there is promise and challenges to clinical applications of gene editing, this review provides an eye opener into the future of gene therapies in diseases of inherited genetic predisposition. Keywords: gene editing, CRISPR-Cas9, inherited genetic disorders, gene therapy, clinical trials. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/17 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 19-23 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/17/14 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/18 2026-02-26T08:00:18Z files:ART

Nanotechnology in Dentistry: Enhancing Biomaterial Properties for Tooth Regeneration Pulagara Madhumitha nanotechnology, dental, nanodentistry, dental biomaterials, dental nanomaterials, tooth repair, tooth regeneration, dental nanomaterials. Nanotechnology has brought so much progress in different sectors of medicine and their use in dentistry is an eye opener especially in the developing of biomaterials to growth teeth. The current paper discusses the prospect of nanotechnology in the enhancement of dental materials with emphasis on the use of nanotechnology in regenerating dental structures including dentin, enamel and dentin pulp. Due to this factor, nanoparticles and nanostructured materials have been increasingly used to enhance these mechanical properties of dental materials, their biocompatibility and bioactivity. Such technologies have resulted in new restorative therapeutics and especially in dental fillings, adhesives and coatings. In addition, innovations in nanomaterials development to replicate the natural tooth structure and facilitate teeth tissue regeneration have led to the opening of a new front when it comes to tooth regeneration procedures. The paper gives the detailed analysis of the processes, which lies behind the nanotechnology as a method of improving various properties of dental biomaterials, such as the strength improvement, anti wear, and antibacterial activity. The challenges and limitation of using nanotechnology in the field of dentistry are also discussed including its toxicity, regulatory issues, and problems of stability. Lastly, the future of nanotechnology in tooth regeneration and its development in the clinical practice is discussed. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/18 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 24-30 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/18/15 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/19 2026-02-26T08:02:31Z files:ART

Role of Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Disease and Targeted Therapy Pannati Sai Varun oral microbiome, periodontal pathogens, microbial dysbiosis, precision therapy and probiotics. The mouth microbiome is critical to overall oral health and becomes subject to a number of oral conditions, of which the most prevalent is periodontal disease, when under releasing excess of or lack of balance. Periodontal disease is a long lasting inflammatory process taking place within the tissues supporting the teeth, which often results in the retraction of our gums, movement of our teeth and, eventually, the loss of our teeth should we not receive treatment. It is, in part, it is fuelled by oral microbiome dysbiosis with the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria and loss of protective species. The topic of interest in this review is the association between the oral microbiome and the development of periodontal disease, including a discussion of microbial changes that are involved in the onset and progression of disease. We also comment on the possibility of targeted treatment (use of probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiome-based interventions) to restore microbial equilibrium and cure periodontal disease. The current studies have stressed the value of individualized microbiome-based treatment in improving the effectiveness of the treatment and recurrence prevention. Along with promising discoveries, complexities of the oral microbiome, the presence of need of accurate diagnostics, and treatment individualization are issues to be addressed. This review highlights the prospects of microbiome-specific treatment in the management of periodontal diseases with a focus on future clinical development. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/19 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 31-37 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/19/16 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/20 2026-02-26T08:04:23Z files:ART

Impact of Laser Therapy on Pain Management in PostDental Surgery Recovery laser therapy, low level laser therapy (LLLT), dental surgery, pain management, post-operative response. Laser therapy has been established as a prospective adjunct in the management of dental pain, especially during such recovery after a surgical intervention. This paper will hence seek to determine the effect of laser therapy on pain management after dental procedures such as extractions, implant placements, and treatment of soft tissue. Laser treatment especially lowlevel laser treatment (LLLT) has been demonstrated to exhibit the possibility of reducing inflammation, assisting in healing, and pain reduction. The laser therapy, by induction of activity of cells, through stimulation of circulation and through exposure to the modulation of the inflammatory effects, can contribute greatly to recovery after an operation. This review discusses the multiple mechanisms of laser therapy, clinical evidence of its effectiveness in pain management, and the particular advantages of such a procedure in the management of post-operative pain, swelling and discomfort. The paper also focuses on the benefits of the laser therapy in comparison with the conventional pain management approaches such as noninvasive nature, less side-effects, and patient compliance. Also, the demerits and constraints of utilization of laser therapy in the dental clinics including its treatment protocols, cost, and availability are established. The possible future scope of laser treatment in dental surgery as well as on post surgical treatment is also covered. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/20 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 38-43 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/20/17 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/21 2026-02-26T08:05:46Z files:ART

Formulation and Characterization of Biodegradable Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy Ramesh Bingi targeted cancer chemotherapy, drug formulation, drug delivery systems, biodegradable, biocompatibility, polymers, drug release. Biodegradable drug delivery system (DDS) is a new technology that gives a great advantage to targeted cancer treatment and refers to remarkable advances in drug potency, patient acceptability and safety. Such systems will be employed to administer directly to cancer cells an agent, which provides a therapeutic effect and over all having lower off-target effects as well as toxicity to healthy cells. This review pays particular attention to the design and development of biodegradable DDS to target cancer therapy with emphasis on choosing materials, drug entrapment methodologies and release rates in designing efficient therapies. The most widely used are the biodegradable polymer types including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and chitosan because of their biocompatibility and the likelihood of their degradation products to be non-toxic. Further, methods of cancer cell targeting involving surface modification, including ligands, antibodies and peptides, are also discussed. The paper addresses strengths and limitations of these systems in cancer treatment such as the effectiveness of these systems to boost therapeutic results and lessen side-effects. Characterization methods have also been discussed in the review in detail comprising particle size analysis, drug loading efficiency, drug release profiles, in vitro and in vivo testing of drug delivery gears. Lastly, the paper points out the prospective areas and possible clinical utilizations of biodegradable DDS on individualized cancer treatment. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/21 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 44-49 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/21/18 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/22 2026-02-26T08:11:29Z files:ART

Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Drug Therapy: Bridging the Gap Between Genetic Variants and Drug Efficacy Banthi lal Bhukya personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, genetic variance, drug metabolism, drug effect, precision medicine. The field of pharmacogenomics (how genetic differences contribute to differences in reactivity to drugs) is transforming personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics can play an important role in enhancing drug treatment efficacy and safety by understanding individual pharmacogenetic factors that influence drug metabolism, efficacy and safety and ultimately provide optimized drug therapy. This paper discusses the application of pharmacogenomics in the development of individualized drug therapy, and the ways that genetic differences affect drug reactions, drug response and the response of drug therapy. The paper also addresses the issue of pharmacogenomics incorporation into the clinical practice wherein genetic testing, patient stratification, and the establishment of genotype-guided treatment approaches receive primary attention. The existing issues, including dilemmas regarding the ethics of genetic testing, value-based genetic data, the requirement of healthcare infrastructure to accommodate the development of pharmacogenomes-based drug treatments are also mentioned in the review. In addition, this paper will identify emerging trends in pharmacogenomics, that is, development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), geneediting tools, and their effect on drug discovery and precision medicine. Finally pharmacogenomics has the potential to close the gap between genetic variation and efficacy of drugs resulting in safer, more effective and personalised drug therapies. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/22 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 50-56 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/22/19 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/23 2026-02-26T08:15:02Z files:ART

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Machine Learning Approach Pulagara Madhumitha mechanised intelligence, learning, early diagnosis, neuro-degenerative, imagery related to the medical examination, biomarkers. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and Huntington disease, are challenging the healthcare sector because of their complexities and progressive nature. Diagnosis at an early stage is important to provide an early intervention, yet in the modern approaches to diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity is a primary issue. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have seen their recent breakthroughs in recognition and diagnosis of these diseases at an early stage. AI is able to scrutinize the large volumes of medical data to recognize minor patterns and highlight biomarkers that could be overlooked by the other conventional forms of diagnosis. This paper outlines how AI and machine learning can be used to perform an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, both imaging-based and biomarker-based. It examines different AI algorithms: CNNs (convolutional neural networks), SVM (support vector machine), deep learning models to which medical imaging data (MRI, PET scans) and biomarkers (genomic, proteomic data) are subjected. Also, the paper explains how AI has limitations and pitfalls in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis in terms of data heterogeneity, interpretation, and the requirement of big, high-quality data. The opportunity of AI to transform early diagnosis and make individual approaches to treatment possible is outlined, and how the future of the AI research on neurodegenerative diseases can evolve. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/23 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 1, August 2025; 57-62 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/23/20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/24 2026-02-26T09:31:09Z files:ART

The Incidence of Geohelminth Eggs Among Primary SchoolPupils in Kaduna State, North West, Nigeria Danladi Jonah Sarah Nuhu Kase Dennis Amaechi Christy Chinyere Fredrick Garba Ninani Magdalene Joseph Kwaji Mercy Kure Theophilus I. Ojemudia Nyam Agwom Theophilus Geohelminths, Stool samples, Pupils, Unguwan, Kadara The life cycle of Geohelminths requires soil for incubation before becoming infective. The infections of these parasites constitute a major health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: This study was carried out to investigate the incidence of Geohelminths among Primary School Pupils, in Unguwan Kadara, Kaduna State. Three hundred and fifty (350) stool samples were collected. The formal ethyl acetate concentration Technique was used to analyze the Stool samples. Results: Our study revealed the overall prevalence of these Geohelmiths to be 22.6%. Hoewever, for Hookworm infection it was 14.0 %, Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp were 3.1% each and Schistosoma mansoni infection was 2.3 %. The infectivity by age revealed that, (3-5) years had total infectivity of 14.4%, (6-8) years 26.1%, (9-11) years 28.9%, 12-14 years 18.9% and 15 years and above had 50.0% but the difference statistically not significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, infectivity by class distribution showed that primary one,2,3,4,5 and 6 had total infectivity of 15.0%, 23.3%, 23.3%, 33.3%, 20.0% and 20.0% respectively but the statistical difference was not significant (p>0.05). The difference in levels of pupils' knowledge of Geohelminths was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Intensive and continuous health education, provision of pipe-borne water, improved environmental sanitation and continuous deworming campaigns in this community will help in reducing the incidence of Geohelminthiasis in Kaduna state. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-11-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/24 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 2, September 2025; 1-7 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/24/22 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/31 2026-02-26T09:06:38Z files:ART

Retinal Organoids in Precision Ophthalmology: Advances, Applications, and Translational Challenges Sameer Ahmad Mir Gojar Achla Sharma Mohita Thakur Pallavi Chandel Retinal organoids, Precision ophthalmology, Gene therapy, Disease modelling, Regenerative medicine, Stem cell technology Retinal organoids have emerged as powerful three-dimensional models that recapitulate human retinal development, cellular diversity, and disease-relevant phenotypes with unprecedented fidelity. Derived from pluripotent stem cells, these organoids provide patientspecific systems for studying inherited and degenerative retinal disorders, enabling mechanistic insights that are often inaccessible in animal models. Advances in bioengineering including microfluidics, bioreactors, RPE co-culture, and 3D bioprinting have significantly improved organoid maturation, photoreceptor functionality, and structural organization. These high-fidelity systems now play a central role in precision ophthalmology, supporting gene therapy validation, CRISPR-based genome editing, drug screening, toxicity profiling, and preclinical transplantation studies. Early clinical interfaces have also begun to emerge, particularly through organoid-derived RPE implantation and the use of patient-specific organoids to guide personalized therapeutic decisions. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including biological immaturity, lack of vasculature, variability between batches, long culture timelines, and ethical considerations surrounding donor privacy and regulatory oversight. Continued efforts toward standardization, integration of aging features, development of organoid biobanks, and adoption of AI-driven analysis will accelerate the safe and effective translation of retinal organoid technologies into clinical therapies. Collectively, retinal organoids represent a transformative platform poised to reshape the future of personalized vision care. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-11-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/31 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 2, September 2025; 8-25 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/31/23 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/32 2026-02-26T09:08:34Z files:ART

Conquering the Solid Frontier: Next-Generation CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy Beyond Hematologic Malignancies - Transformative Strategies, Emerging Targets, and Future Paradigms Mohammad Anees Rather Tawqeer Shafi Pallavi Chandel Sumairah Qadir Checkpoint inhibitors, Combination therapy, Biomarker development, Global healthcare impact, CAR-T cell therapy, Synthetic biology. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has revolutionized the management of blood cancers yet its application in solid tumors has been restricted because of the complicated tumor microenvironment, differences in tumor antigens and effective immune-evasion strategies. Recent developments are concerned with advanced engineering practices in order to overcome these problems. Cytokine releasing (interleukin-12 or interleukin-18) armored chimeric antigen receptor T cells activate immune responses in suppressive tumor microclimates. Designs of logic-gated chimeric antigen receptor which need two antigen recognition improve tumor specificity and minimize harm to normal tissues. Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming strategies are being created to enhance the survival of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, retain stem-like features, and be able to function in low-oxygen and nutrient-deprived environments. Mesothelin, glypican-3, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, mucin-1, and B7-H3 are some of the new tumor-associated targets that are broadening therapeutic opportunities in various solid tumors. The tools of synthetic biology, such as inducible promoters and self-regulating feedback controls, can enable the accurate regulation of the activation of chimeric antigen receptor T- cells and enhance safety. Also, artificial intelligence, personalized antigen profiling, and optimization based on biomarkers are integrated to develop highly customized chimeric antigen receptor T-cell products. The combination of these innovations is a significant change to more potent, multi-purpose, and smartly designed T-cell therapies that can destroy the obstacles of solid tumor. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-11-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/32 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 2, September 2025; 26-48 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/32/24 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/34 2026-02-26T09:10:05Z files:ART

Role of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine: A New Frontier in Drug Therapy Optimization Daiyan Mojeeb Mohita Thakur Rasikh Shafi Khan Pallavi Chandel Achla Sharma Pharmacogenomics, Drug Therapy Optimization, Warfarin, Clopidogrel, Pharmacogenomic Testing, Clinical Pharmacists. Pharmacogenomics integrates pharmacology and genomics to study how genetic variations influence individual responses to medications. Incorporating genetic data into clinical decision-making allows more precise drug selection and dosing, improving effectiveness, reducing adverse effects, and promoting truly individualized therapy. This review outlines the development and clinical importance of pharmacogenomics and highlights its application in drugs such as warfarin and clopidogrel, where gene variants including CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP2C19 significantly affect metabolism and treatment outcomes. Genetic testing helps determine appropriate dosing to achieve optimal anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects. The review also emphasizes pharmacogenomics as a foundation of precision medicine, enabling clinicians to understand how genes influence drug metabolism, transport, and targets. Clinical pharmacists play a key role through patient counselling, dose adjustments, and integrating genotype-guided therapy into practice. Despite its promise, challenges such as high testing costs, limited awareness, and concerns about privacy and consent continue to hinder widespread adoption. As genomic technologies, bioinformatics, and digital tools advance, pharmacogenomic data are becoming easier to apply in routine care. Ultimately, pharmacogenomics is set to reshape modern therapeutics by shifting drug therapy toward a more predictive, preventive, and patient-centred approach. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-11-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/34 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 2, September 2025; 49-61 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/34/25 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/35 2026-02-26T09:11:20Z files:ART

Targeted Nanomedicine in Oncology: Novel Mechanisms of Abraxane in Overcoming Resistance in Breast Cancer Ashok Kumar Pallavi Chande Achla Sharma Abraxane, nanomedicine, breast cancer, immunotherapy, nanoparticle drug delivery, tumour microenvironment. Breast cancer remains a major global health problem, and treatment resistance is a major barrier to successful therapy. Conventional paclitaxel has limitations such as poor solubility, solvent-related toxicity, and drug efflux–mediated resistance. Nanomedicine offers solutions to these problems, and Abraxane is one such clinically proven nano formulation that improves drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. This review examines how Abraxane helps overcome paclitaxel resistance, summarizes key preclinical and clinical findings, and discusses future directions for nanotechnology-based treatments. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical trial databases to evaluate mechanisms related to nanocarrier function, tumour microenvironment changes, efflux avoidance, and clinical performance. Abraxane shows higher tumour uptake through gp60-mediated transcytosis, SPARC-based stromal binding, and enhanced vascular permeability. These mechanisms help the drug bypass P-glycoprotein efflux, increase intracellular paclitaxel levels, and favourably modify the tumour microenvironment. Clinical studies, including CALGB 40502 and IMpassion130, report better responses, improved progressionfree survival, and reduced toxicity compared with solvent-based paclitaxel. Additionally, Abraxane enhances immune activity and improves response to checkpoint inhibitors. Abraxane demonstrates how nanomedicine can overcome drug resistance and improve outcomes in breast cancer. Continued development of multifunctional and biomarkerguided nanocarriers may further support personalized cancer therapy in the future. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-11-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/35 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 2, September 2025; 62-78 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/35/26 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/37 2026-02-26T09:32:31Z files:ART

Smart Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Stimuli-Responsive Targeted Therapy Firdosa Akhter Pallavi Chandel Achla Sharma Mohita Thakur Shahnawaz Alam Zahid Ali Smart Nanocarriers, Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery, Targeted Therapy, Controlled Drug Release, Nanomedicines, Personalized Medicine. Drug Delivery System based on smart nanotechnology allow stimuli-responsive and spatiotemporally regulated therapeutic release, which is a revolutionary development in precision medicine. When compared to traditional drug formulations, engineered nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticle NPs, and hybrid inorganic platforms, display improved bioavailability, reduced off-target toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetic performance. Therapeutic payloads can be released site-specifically and on demand thanks to these nano systems ability to react to endogenous cues (pH, redox gradients, enzymatic activity, and hypoxia) or exogenous stimuli (temperature, light, ultrasonic, magnetic, and electric fields). Their selectivity and biological performance are further enhanced by the incorporation of targeted ligands, surface modifications, and biocompatible materials across intricate pathophysiological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier and the tumour microenvironment. In cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and infectious illnesses, smart nanocarriers have shown encouraging efficacy. They have also opened the door for sophisticated theragnostic applications that combine therapy and diagnostics. Translational issues such as large-scale repeatability, long-term stability, immunogenicity, and regulatory uniformity still exist despite tremendous advancements. These obstacles should be addressed by the confluence of artificial intelligence, 3D/4D printing, and nanorobotics, which will hasten the clinical translation of next-generation intelligent nanomedicines toward tailored and flexible therapy paradigms. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/37 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 3, October 2025; 1-18 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/37/28 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/38 2026-02-26T09:33:35Z files:ART

Natural Products and Phytochemicals in Modern Drug Discovery: Mechanistic Insights, Barriers, and Future Opportunities Zahid Ali Pallavi Chandel Achla Sharma Mohita Thakur Firdosa Akhter Natural products, Phytochemicals, Drug discovery, Bioavailability, Nanotechnology, Synthetic biology. Natural products have long been central to therapeutic development, offering structurally diverse compounds that continue to inspire modern drug discovery. Phytochemicals including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids exert multi-target actions that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and immune and metabolic pathways. These pleiotropic effects make them promising candidates for treating complex, multifactorial diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions. Despite their therapeutic potential, the clinical progression of natural products is restricted by poor solubility, low bioavailability, metabolic instability, and variability arising from environmental and seasonal factors. Limited standardization and insufficient large-scale clinical trials further impede regulatory approval.Recent technological advances are helping overcome these limitations. Modern extraction techniques, advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic profiling, structural modification strategies, nanocarrier-based delivery systems, and synthetic biology platforms have improved the stability, yield, and pharmacokinetic performance of natural compounds. Omics-driven analyses and computational modelling have enhanced understanding of molecular mechanisms and facilitated more efficient identification and optimization of bioactive leads.By integrating traditional pharmacognosy with emerging scientific innovations, natural products and phytochemicals remain vital contributors to future drug discovery, offering sustainable, mechanistically rich, and clinically relevant avenues for therapeutic development. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/38 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 3, October 2025; 19-33 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/38/29 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/39 2026-02-26T09:34:48Z files:ART

Evaluating the Efficacy of CRISPR-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Rapid Detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Shameer shaik CRISPR diagnostics, MDR-TB, point-of-care testing, Cas12a, rapid testing. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the most significant health issues in the world as it is diagnosed late, there are failures in treatment, and access to local and quick diagnostic methods is insufficient. Traditional techniques such as culture-based and molecular assays are either time consuming or demand special laboratory facilities. The recent advances in CRISPR-based diagnostics have allowed detecting genetic markers related to drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis quickly, sensitively, and at the point of care. This paper assesses the effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas12a and Cas13a-based detection platforms in detecting MDRTB in terms of sensitivity, specificity, turnaround time, and their applicability in decentralized clinical environments. On a cross-sectional design, samples of suspected MDR-TB patients were tested on sputum through CRISPR-based assays and compared to those tested on GeneXpert and standard culture methods. Findings indicated that CRISPR tests were highly accurate in finding mutations linked to resistance in rpoB, katG and inhA promoter areas. The turnaround time was lessened to less than an hour and the assays worked efficiently without the use of advanced apparatus. The results indicate that CRISPR-based point-of-care diagnostics has a major potential to help in enhancing early patient detection, transmission reduction, and prompt therapeutic decisions in high-burden areas. Nonetheless, full-scale validation, field implementation research and cost-effectiveness analysis are necessary in order to be integrated into national TB control initiatives. The present study underscores CRISPR diagnostics as a novel accolade to the international MDR-TB diagnostic approaches. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/39 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 3, October 2025; 34-38 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/39/30 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/40 2026-02-26T09:36:02Z files:ART

A Prospective Study on Post-Viral Cardiac Remodeling in Young Adults Recovering from Dengue Infection Shanmukhi Bejagam recovery after dengue, cardiac remodelling, myocardial failure, young adults, prospective study. Dengue infection is a virus that is spreading very fast among the world in terms of the number of cases, and although the acute symptoms of the condition were well characterized, the chronic cardiac effects are barely known. Recent studies indicate that dengue has the possibility of causing subclinical myocardial inflammation, autonomic imbalance, and structural remodelling which may extend beyond the acute. This is a prospective study that attempts to assess patterns of cardiac remodeling in young adults (1830 years old) after laboratory-confirmed dengue infection. One hundred and twenty individuals were continued during 12 weeks after recovery and administered to serial measurements comprising echocardiography, electrocardiography, cardiac biomarkers (troponin-I, NT-proBNP), and heart rate variability. The findings showed that 28% of the participants had temporary left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and 16% of the subjects presented with continuing low global longitudinal strain measures. Echocardiographic abnormalities were associated with the increased levels of biomarkers, indicating that myocardial stress is still present. Even though the majority of changes were resolved by week 12, some of them revealed delicate but consistent deviations of structures and functions, which are typical of early remodeling. These results indicate that dengue should be considered as a possible cause of post-viral cardiac sequelae, particularly in younger populations that used to be regarded as low-risk of cardiovascular complications. Follow up imaging, early screening and risk-stratified management could be used to prevent the development of long-term dysfunction. The research suggests that further research should be conducted using larger multi-centered longitudinal studies to confirm these early results and identify the mechanisms. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/40 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 3, October 2025; 39-44 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/40/31 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/41 2026-02-26T09:37:56Z files:ART

Characterizing Early Neurovascular Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Advanced Functional MRI Mapping Shaik Shukoor mild impaired cognitive, neurovascular coupling, fMRI, cerebral blood flow, default mode network. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate period between aging and the early phases of Alzheimer disease and often contains subtle neurovascular malfunction, which is eventually associated with observable structural atrophy. Functional MRI (fMRI) especially arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging provides noninvasive methods to determine early neurovascular changes. This is a prospective study that examines neurovascular coupling, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and changes in hemodynamic responses to the individuals with MCI through advanced fMRI mapping. Another group of 110 (60 MCI and 50 control participants) aged 55-72 years received ASL, resting-state fMRI and task-based BOLD mapping during 6 months. Findings showed that there were great decreases in rCBF in the hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus of the MCI group. There were delayed and reduced functional connectivity in default mode network (DMN) nodes. Pattern recognition of fMRI signals by use of machine-learning showed that 85 percent of the samples (MCI and controls) could be classified correctly. Importantly, neuropsychological scores, namely memory and executive function scores, had a significant correlation with neurovascular changes. The paper provides insights into the importance of the state-of-the-art fMRI methodologies in the early characterization of the neurovascular dysfunction in MCI with reference to the possible application in early diagnosis, risk identification, and therapeutic assessment. These findings need to be validated by longitudinal and large-scale studies based on the integration of multimodal biomarkers to determine clinical protocols. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/41 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 3, October 2025; 45-50 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/41/32 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/42 2026-02-26T09:40:51Z files:ART

Edge-AI Enabled Intrusion Detection Framework for Ultra-LowLatency IoT Networks in Smart Cities Shaik Shukoor Edge AI, intrusion detection, IoT security, smart cities, ultra-low latency. Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures are highly dependent on smart cities to be able to handle basic amenities like intelligent transportation and smart utilities, community security, and environmental management. Nevertheless, the spread of IoT devices with limited resources opens networks to cyberattacks that may interfere with important services. Conventional cloud-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) add spoilage and bandwidth and limited scalability. Recent developments in edge computing and minimalistic artificial intelligence models promise the solutions to real-time threat mitigation. This paper will propose a prototype of an Edge-AI based intrusion detection system, which can be used in ultra-low-latency IoT networks used in smart city architectures. A simulated and real-world dataset of IoT traffic was trained on lightweight machinelearning models, such as MobileNet-V3 embedded classifiers, optimized Random Forest, and quantized neural networks to be deployed on the edge. The paper tested the performance of the model-based edge devices, including the NVIDIA Jetson nano, Google Coral TPU, and ARM-based microcontrollers. The proposed structure proved to have an average detection rate of 94.2 with latency of less than 12ms and a 38 percent energy saving over cloud based IDS. The experimental findings forwarded that the implementation of AI on the network edge can significantly accelerate the time of threat response, reduce the loss of packets, and increase the general system resilience. The results reveal that Edge-AI models can be successfully applied to achieve ultra-lowlatency IoT networks, which can be scaled and autonomously used in the cybersecurity of smart cities. It is suggested that the large-scale deployments and federated learning should be integrated in the future to increase robustness or privacy. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2025-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/42 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 1, Issue 4, November 2025; 1-6 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/42/33 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.ijmrbpdms.org:article/43 2026-03-20T11:42:40Z files:ART

Determination of Glucose levels and Total Antioxidant Status of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kaduna State Nigeria. Sarah Nuhu Kase Friday Iweka Dennis Amaechi Christy Chinyere Fredrick Garba Ninani Fatima Lami Ciroma Nasiru Lawal Mercy Kure Jamila Ibrahim Suleiman Danladi Jonah gestational diabetes, antioxidants, pregnancy,vitamin C, glucose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a form of pregnancy-induced hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance. It is commonly diagnosed during the second or third trimester and poses significant risks to both the mother and fetus if not adequately managed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GDM on total antioxidant status (TAS) among affected individuals.A total of 160 consenting women aged 18–40 years at 24–28 weeks of gestation were recruited. Sixty participants were diagnosed with GDM, while 50 non-diabetic pregnant women served as Control 1. All were attending antenatal clinics at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital, and Gwamna Awan General Hospital. An additional 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic, non-pregnant women (Control 2) were selected from staff of these facilities. Screening was conducted using a 50 g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT), followed by a fasting 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Approximately 5 mL of blood was collected and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, with significance set at p < 0.05. The mean TAS values in OGCT (random blood glucose) and OGTT (fasting blood glucose) samples were significantly lower in GDM and Control 1 groups (5.04 ± 0.19, 5.64 ± 0.14 and 5.62 ± 0.21, 5.39 ± 0.10 µmol/L, respectively) compared to Control 2 (7.14 ± 0.24 µmol/L). Serum glucose levels were significantly elevated in GDM subjects relative to controls. Additionally, significant relationships were observed among adiponectin, TAS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and vitamin C levels across study groups.These findings highlight the role of oxidative stress in GDM and may provide valuable insights for improving clinical management and therapeutic strategies for affected patients. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences 2026-01-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/43 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Dental and Medical Sciences ; IJMRBPDMS:Vol 2, Issue 1, Junuary 2026; 1-14 3108-2971 eng https://ijmrbpdms.org/index.php/files/article/view/43/34 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0