Determination of Glucose levels and Total Antioxidant Status of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kaduna State Nigeria.

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a form of pregnancy-induced hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance. It is commonly diagnosed during the second or third trimester and poses significant risks to both the mother and fetus if not adequately managed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GDM on total antioxidant status (TAS) among affected individuals.A total of 160 consenting women aged 18–40 years at 24–28 weeks of gestation were recruited. Sixty participants were diagnosed with GDM, while 50 non-diabetic pregnant women served as Control 1. All were attending antenatal clinics at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital, and Gwamna Awan General Hospital. An additional 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic, non-pregnant women (Control 2) were selected from staff of these facilities. Screening was conducted using a 50 g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT), followed by a fasting 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Approximately 5 mL of blood was collected and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, with significance set at p < 0.05. The mean TAS values in OGCT (random blood glucose) and OGTT (fasting blood glucose) samples were significantly lower in GDM and Control 1 groups (5.04 ± 0.19, 5.64 ± 0.14 and 5.62 ± 0.21, 5.39 ± 0.10 µmol/L, respectively) compared to Control 2 (7.14 ± 0.24 µmol/L). Serum glucose levels were significantly elevated in GDM subjects relative to controls. Additionally, significant relationships were observed among adiponectin, TAS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and vitamin C levels across study groups.These findings highlight the role of oxidative stress in GDM and may provide valuable insights for improving clinical management and therapeutic strategies for affected patients.